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Cactoblastis cactorum
''Cactoblastis cactorum'', commonly known as the Cactus Moth, South American Cactus Moth, or Nopal Moth, is native to Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. It is one of five species in the genus ''Cactoblastis'' that inhabit South America, where many parasitoids and pathogens control the expansion of the moth's population. This species has been introduced into many areas outside its natural range, including Australia, the Caribbean, and South Africa. In some locations, it has spread uncontrollably and was consequently classified an invasive species.〔Zimmermann, H., Bloem, S., Klei, H., ("Biology, History, Threat, Surveillance and Control of the Cactus Moth, ''Cactoblastis cactorum''" ), April 10, 2004.〕 However, in other places such as Australia, it has gained favor for its role in the biological control of cacti from the genus ''Opuntia'', such as Prickly pear.
==Interactions in native habitat==
In South America, ''Cactoblastis cactorum'' has many natural predators, including ants and New World monkeys.〔 Ants, the moth's main predators, consume its larvae. New World monkeys dig the larvae and pupae out from the flattened leaf-like stems, or "cladodes", of the cacti.〔 The relationship between ''Cactoblastis cactorum'' and ''Opuntia'' cactus species is parasitic: the moth feeds on the host cactus. Recent work in South America has identified four genetically-structured ecotypes of ''C. cactorum'' that infest different hosts and possess different larval morphology. The mechanism driving this isolation and pattern of host-association in the field remains unexplored.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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